In what ways have British institutions and policy-making adjusted to Essay

In what ways have British institutions and policy-making adjusted to the influence of the EU - Essay Example End up being taken (in the form of regulations, directives, recommendations, programs or strategies) for this international regime. Thus, the concept embraces here so what the literature generally defines Europeanization (or the EU's growing impact on the behaviour of actors, institutional functioning, legal and political process of the EU countries). In addition, what this excludes and has been called "domestication" (projection of the preferred policy approaches by countries to the European level) (Jordan, 2000a: 1) or "horizontal transmission and indirectly" in the sense that certain EU member states to use "export" its priorities and environmental objectives to other countries ((McCormick, John, 2008)). Once the concept is passed, secondly, to analyze the mechanisms through which Europeanization operates, noting that harmonization is the mechanism par excellence when it comes to understanding why environmental policy has been Europeanized. Subsequently, there are three dimensions within this policy. The Europeanization of substantive dimensions, institutional and environmental policy style The Europeanization of the content or substantive dimension of environmental policy is very clear as to the incorporation into national legislation (through the mechanism of transposition of directives mainly) standards and of principles or mechanisms that contribute to achieving the objectives set by the regulations. The polluter pays principle is reflected for example in water legislation, which includes fees for both direct and indirect discharges, while voluntary agreements that deviate from the classical regulatory mechanism (command-and- control), have been applied in various fields of waste management policy. A different theme is, of course, the compliance (enforcement) of legislation, and that not all fees apply CC.AA nor all of them have been collected, with the same intensity, economic and fiscal mechanisms in their regulations. On the other hand, other instrume nts, such as voluntary agreements between governments and companies are still relatively minor and have not developed systematically or in law or in practice. (Cini, Michele and Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan (eds) 2009) However, examples of Europeanization of the substantive dimension is infinite ranging from the reference; that the first draft of the National Hydrological Plan (the developed by the socialist government in 1993) was a directive 91/271 to introduce the requirement to protect water quality, to the approval of the tax on waste oils (ministerial order of 02/28/1989) reflecting the directives 75/439 and 87/101.Through the objectives of increased energy use renewable has set the Ministry of Industry and Energy (MINER) in its latest National Energy Plan. Following the fifth Environmental Action Programme of the EU, or the introduction of the so-called strategic environmental impact assessment on the part of certain regional governments. Overall, in terms of content in UK , there has been Europeanization of national environmental policy due to the need to transpose a large number of directives after the entry into the Community in 1986 (Directives also

Occupational health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational health - Essay Example The injured will also be assisted in getting full compensation claims. The principle used in quick and major accidents is determining the hazards that should be corrected. Investigation report The information in the investigation report documents the findings of the investigation is as outlined below: Employee’s name There should be a brief description of the employee injured in the accident. Information about the employer should be provided as well. Date of accident and time should also be included in the report. The information provided will assist in confirming whether the information provided by the victim is genuine or not. Job title and department: Information concerning job title and department will assist in claiming insurance. The insurance company has to verify that such a person worked for a certain company in a certain department. Supervisor or lead personnel: The supervisor and management in a company are responsible for the safety of the workers failure to which they can be sued on legal grounds of neglect. As such, they should be included in an investigation report. Witnesses: Since the investigators are not able to investigate the scene of the accident immediately after occurrence of the accidents, witnesses act as a primary source of information. Brief description of the accident or incident: The victim should be able to offer information about what occurred. However, more effort should be put in trying to gather more information especially from witnesses. Body part affected: The victim should state which body part was affected when the vehicle hit him/her. This will enable proper compensation to be issued to the victim. Reason for seeking root cause The employer should be experienced enough to realize when accidents are caused by unsafe conditions. As such, attempts to find the human errors that were the causes of the accident should commence according to Filtzer, (2002). First of all, it is necessarily to examine a link of events or un derlying factors that may have led to the accident. Some of the questions asked by the employer include distraction, was the employee distracted so as to be hit by the vehicle?, Safe work procedure should always be followed, if not, there should be a reason why, Were safety devices in the vehicle in order during the time of the accident and whether the worker was trained? The employer should also contact the insurance firm after identifying the causes, report the findings and develop the appropriate corrective action according to Granger, (2010). The insurance should also evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and also implement it. Four possible root Causes of Accidents Accidents can be caused by task of personal factors. While some causes may be immediate, others are underlying such as in the case when management systems fail. Distraction Distraction falls under task factors. The behavior of the employee is best known to the employer according to Henry, (1837). The distraction of an employee is visible to the employer. As such, the employee should be the judge whether the distraction of an employee would have been the cause of the accident. The employer should also know the effects of the distraction experienced around the work area. There are some employees that have devastating effects when they are distracted and usually cause major accidents. Other task related factors include